Meditating and observing thoughts.

It's time for another installment of "Question and Answer Tuesdays!"

This week, we had similar questions from both Stacy and Adam:

"How does 'observing thoughts' fit in with meditating? Do you watch them, or do you focus your attention on your mantra? I'm not sure which of the two I do, or if I try to do them both at once. And, what does a meditation session look like as you move between the mantra and thinking?"

These are common questions. It can be confusing, especially when you read different instructions from different teachers.

First, observing doesn't imply an active component. This means when you observe thoughts, you don't analyze or interact with them. You simply watch them as they come into being, exist, and cease (i.e., as they arise and pass).

Second, you can only observe thoughts when you become aware of them. You can't observe thoughts when you are lost in them. And, meditating is a formal exercise that helps you move from "lost in thoughts" to "aware of thoughts".

When you are meditating, you have an anchor - the two most common are your breath and a mantra. You focus your attention on this anchor. At some point, you will notice your attention has wandered and you'll become aware of thoughts. You may notice it immediately, or it may take some time. Regardless, once you notice, simply guide your attention back to the anchor.

When you do this over and over again, two things happen:

1. You train your attention to focus on what you want it to focus on; and
2. You learn to observe what arises and passes without getting caught up in it (without getting swept away by it).

 
"Learning to observe what arises and passes without getting caught up in it" (#2 above) is a skill you develop while meditating. This skill is made possible by training your attention (#1 above).

As you develop this skill, it allows you to make a choice in each unfolding moment:

• You can indulge what arises and passes; or
• You can not indulge what arises and passes.

Indulging is our normal choice, though it's a bit of a misnomer to call it "a choice." Our default state is unaware, following our minds wherever they lead, mindlessly indulging mental phenomena, reacting habitually to desires and aversions. This default state results in our struggles and suffering.

Not indulging allows us to move away from this default state.

As far as how this unfolds in a meditation session, here's a sample of what it may look like (using a mantra as the anchor):

• I am repeating the manta (silently, to myself), my attention is focused on it.
• I become aware of a thought about something I need to do later today (another way to say this is, my attention has moved from the mantra and is caught up in thought; I become aware of this happening).
• I am now observing the thought, and return my attention back to the mantra. I continue repeating it.
• Repeating the mantra, my attention is focused on it. 
• Repeating the mantra, my attention is focused on it.
• I'm thinking about the argument I had with my significant other. I play out a scenario where I say something different than I actually said. Why didn't I say that at the time? Wait, what am I doing? How did I get off on this tangent? I'm aware of these thoughts now - I'm observing them, and I return my attention back to the mantra. I continue repeating it.
• Repeating the mantra, my attention is focused on it.

• Repeating the mantra, my attention is focused on it.
• I become aware of a thought about my favorite show that comes on television tonight.
• I observe the thought, and return my attention back to the mantra. I continue repeating it.

And so it goes!